The Characterization of Mechanical Properties of a Rabbit Femur-Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Tibia Complex During Cyclic Loading

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of cyclic loading, which produced the condition of ACLs during sports activities, on tensile properties of femur-ACL-tibia complexes (FATCs). Paired FATCs of 40 New Zealand white rabbits were tested on a materials testing machine. One specimen of each pair was designated as a control and loaded until failure. The contralateral specimen was loaded cyclically (1.4 Hz, 1 hr.) with 20%, 30%, 40%, or 50% of ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the control and then loaded until failure. The UTS and mode of failure were recorded after each test. Five specimens ruptured during cyclic loading in the 50% group. In the 40% group, the mean value of UTS of cycled specimens was significantly lower than that of controls. There was no statistically significant difference in UTS values between control and cycled specimens in the 20% and 30% groups. Cycled specimens had a significantly higher incidence of substance failure than controls. Our results demonstrated that FATCs have the strength to withstand cyclic loading within normal sports activity levels. However, FACTs can be damaged by cyclic loading under strenuous sports activity levels. We speculate that cyclic loading makes the ACL substance weaker than the insertion site

An Analytical Model-based Capacity Planning Approach for Building CSD-based Storage Systems

The data movement in large-scale computing facilities (from compute nodes to data nodes) is categorized as one of the major contributors to high cost and energy utilization. To tackle it, in-storage processing (ISP) within storage devices, such as Solid-State Drives (SSDs), has been explored actively. The introduction of computational storage drives (CSDs) enabled ISP within the same form factor as regular SSDs and made it easy to replace SSDs within traditional compute nodes. With CSDs, host systems can offload various operations such as search, filter, and count. However, commercialized CSDs have different hardware resources and performance characteristics. Thus, it requires careful consideration of hardware, performance, and workload characteristics for building a CSD-based storage system within a compute node. Therefore, storage architects are hesitant to build a storage system based on CSDs as there are no tools to determine the benefits of CSD-based compute nodes to meet the performance requirements compared to traditional nodes based on SSDs. In this work, we proposed an analytical model-based storage capacity planner called CSDPlan for system architects to build performance-effective CSD-based compute nodes. Our model takes into account the performance characteristics of the host system, targeted workloads, and hardware and performance characteristics of CSDs to be deployed and provides optimal configuration based on the number of CSDs for a compute node. Furthermore, CSDPlan estimates and reduces the total cost of ownership (TCO) for building a CSD-based compute node. To evaluate the efficacy of CSDPlan, we selected two commercially available CSDs and 4 representative big data analysis workloads

Perovskite-polymer composite cross-linker approach for highly-stable and efficient perovskite solar cells.

Manipulation of grain boundaries in polycrystalline perovskite is an essential consideration for both the optoelectronic properties and environmental stability of solar cells as the solution-processing of perovskite films inevitably introduces many defects at grain boundaries. Though small molecule-based additives have proven to be effective defect passivating agents, their high volatility and diffusivity cannot render perovskite films robust enough against harsh environments. Here we suggest design rules for effective molecules by considering their molecular structure. From these, we introduce a strategy to form macromolecular intermediate phases using long chain polymers, which leads to the formation of a polymer-perovskite composite cross-linker. The cross-linker functions to bridge the perovskite grains, minimizing grain-to-grain electrical decoupling and yielding excellent environmental stability against moisture, light, and heat, which has not been attainable with small molecule defect passivating agents. Consequently, all photovoltaic parameters are significantly enhanced in the solar cells and the devices also show excellent stability

A Robust and Accurate Traveltime Calculation from

We improve the accuracy and stability of traveltime calculation method using frequency-domain modeling algorithm. We perform a parameter analysis to obtain the optimum combination of frequency and damping factor and thus improve the accuracy of traveltime. Then we obtain the empirical formula for our numerical algorithm. Lastly, we propose the adaptive frequency and the adaptive damping factor for an inhomogeneous model to eliminate the distortion in the traveltime contour. Twodimensional numerical examples verify that the proposed algorithm gives a much smaller traveltime error and a better traveltime contour for the complex model. Compared to the other two methods, this algorithm computes traveltime that is close to a directly transmitted wave. We demonstrated our algorithm on 2D IFP Marmousi models, and the numerical results show that our algorithm is a faster traveltime calculation method of a directly transmitted wave for imaging the subsurface and transmission tomography.This study is sponsored by the Chinese State Natural Science Foundation (49825108), the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX2-109 and KZ951-B1-407-02), and the Korea Foundation for Advanced Studies. This work was also financially supported by the National Laboratory Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology and the Brain Korea 21 project of the Ministry of Education